Buddhist Literature from Gandhāra written in Kharoṣṭhī script
Texts that were known in Gandhāra between the first century BC and the third century CE, based on Kharoṣṭhī manuscript evidence.
Mahāyāna
| text | reason | yāna | Khar. manuscript | Skt. parallel | Chin. parallel | Tib. parallel | no parallel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ugraparipṛcchā | K | mahā | x | (x) | x 180–190 CE | x | |
| Samantaprabhāsamādhi-sūtra* | L? | mahā | x 179 CE | ||||
| Śūraṃgamasamādhi-sūtra | L? | mahā | (x) | x 186 CE (lost) | x | ||
| Akṣobhyatathāgatasyavyūha-sūtra | L | mahā | (x) | x 179 CE | x | ||
| Kāśyapaparivarta | L | mahā | x | x 179 CE | x | ||
| Bodhisattvacaryāmañjuśrīparipṛcchā* | L | mahā | x 170–190 CE | ||||
| Lokānuvartanā-sūtra | L | mahā | (x) | x 170–190 CE | x | ||
| Avataṃsaka-sūtra (part of) | L | mahā | x 170–190 CE | x | |||
| Ajātaśatrukaukṛtyavinodanā-sūtra | L | mahā | x 170–190 CE | x | |||
| Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra | K | śrāvaka | x 200–300 CE ca. | fragments | x 290–306 CE | x | |
| Bodhisattvacaryā-sūtra* / Vīradattaparipṛcchā | K | mahā | x 150–250 CE ca. | (x) | x 209–306 CE | x | |
| Sucitti-sūtra* | K | mahā | x 050–150 CE ca. | x 308 CE | |||
| Devaputravyākaraṇa* | K | mahā | x 100 CE ca. | x | |||
| Bhadrakalpika-sūtra | K | mahā | x 210–417 CE (C14) | fragments ca. 500 CE, (x) | x 300 CE | x | |
| Bodhisattvapiṭaka-sūtra | K | mahā | x 150–250 CE ca. | x 500 CE ca. | x 645 CE | x | |
| Drumakinnararājaparipṛcchā-sūtra | L C | mahā | x 170–190 CE | x | |||
| Lalitavistara | A | mahā | x | x | |||
| Maitreya(mahā)siṃhanāda-sūtra | C | mahā | x 425 CE ca. | x | |||
| Prajñāpāramitā, Aṣṭasāhasrikā | K | mahā | x 047–147 CE (C14) | x 150–250 ca. | x 179 CE | x | |
| Prajñāpāramitā, Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā | C | mahā | x | x | x | ||
| Pratyutpannabuddhasaṃmukhāvasthitasamādhi-sūtra (4, 7) | K | mahā | x 050–150 CE ca. | fragments | x 179 CE | x | |
| Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā-sūtra | G | mahā | x 1661 CE | x 270 CE | x | ||
| Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra | G | mahā | x 450–550 CE ca. | x 286 CE | x | ||
| Candrapradīpasamādhi-sūtra / Samādhirāja-sūtra | K | mahā | x 050–150 CE ca. | x 500–600 CE ca. | x 420–479 CE | x | |
| Saṃgītidharmaparyāya | K | śrāvaka | x 0–100 CE ca. | fragments | x 660–664 CE | ||
| Sarvapuṇyasamuccayasamādhi-sūtra | K | mahā | x 200–350 CE ca. | (x) | x 265–313 CE | x | |
| Sukhāvatīvyūha (Larger) / Amitābhavyūha | G | mahā | x 550–650 CE ca. | x 170–190 CE | x | ||
| Sukhāvatīvyūha (Smaller) | ? | mahā | x | x 402 CE | x | ||
| Vimalakīrtinirdeśa | G | mahā | x 1150–1250 CE ca. | x 223–228 CE | x | ||
| A Contains the Arapacana. C Conceptual elements shared with other early datable documents. No manuscript evidence yet. G Underlying Prakrit, most probably Gāndhārī. No manuscript evidence yet. K Kharoṣṭhī manuscript evidence. L Translated by Lokakṣema. * Title not attested, tentatively translation from the Chinese. |
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