Cow‐horn Discourse (P Cūḷagosiṅga-sutta, Ch. Niújiǎosuōluólín-jīng 牛角娑羅林經 , G *Goṣiga-sutra)
Haḍḍa?, Kharoṣṭhī ∙ RS 12
BML edition (version 1, July 2026)
Based on Silverlock, Allon, and Majcher 2022 (JGBT); reconstruction updated according to transcription conventions.
RS 12.1 Goṣiga-sutra
§ 1
–
–
(Thus have I heard. On one occasion the Blessed One was living at Nadika in the brick
house ... Now on that occasion Venerable Aṇarudha and Venerable Ṇadia and Venerable
Kibhira were living in a Grove of the Cow-Horn Śāla-tree Forest).
2 (Whichever of those venerables) returns (first from the village for the sake of seeking
alms-food), he 3 (approaches the refectory and, having approached, he prepares the seats), he sets
out the (drinking water pitcher), [and] sets out the plates, he gets the water for
washing from the water basin, (... he sets out the leftovers container. Having put
aside any leftovers, he eats) 4 [and] departs.
§ 4
ye ho vaṇa teṣ̱̄a aśpataṇa pac̄i pi 5///(ṇa pa)[r](i)yata bhoḏi avakarabhayaṇaḏa grahita 6///.. [paḍi]hameḏi paradhoṇigaḍa yasabhumi pa 7///(yasa)bhumi paḍihameḏita praḏeśi samajahita
Whichever of those venerables (returns) last 5 (from the village for the sake of seeking) alms, (if there is enough food in his
bowl, he eats it. If) there is (not enough), he takes from the leftovers container
6 (and eats it. He puts the seats away in their right place); he puts (the drinking
water pot) away (in its right place); he (puts) the washing water pot away in its
right place; 7 (and having washed and) put the (leftovers container) away in its (right) place,
[and] having swept the ground, he 8 (departs ... and enters the ...).
§ 5
8///[ki] saha ḏema a ḏarmia pakṣea pa[śru]jea ye ho 9///⟪ya⟫[re] bhoḏi eka [aṇ]... ⟪ha⟫.. .. .. [śa] sa bhoḏi duḏie 10///(dharm)[i]e [ka]sae aḏiṇ(a)meti
8 ... kim saha ḏema (G) a dharmiṇi pakṣea (G) paśrujea (G) yaḥ khalu 9 ... yad re (G) bhavati ekam aṇ . (G) . ha (G) . . . śa (G) sa (G) bhavati dvitīyam
10 ... dharminyā kathayā atināmayanti ||
… together with … [If] he were to see [that the pots were empty], he would attend
[to them]. The one who 9 … The one who … one … a second 10 … would spend [all night] with talk on the Dharma.
§ 6
asa u bhag̱ava sahiṇa 11/// t[e]ṇa uasakrami adaśaḏi dag̱apale bhag̱avata dure 12///(pra)[vis](a e)ḏ(a) ḏae ḏaspa tatra trae kulaputra vihara[ti].. 13///
10 Then, when it was evening (time) the Blessed One, 11 (having arisen from meditation), approached (the Grove of the Gos̱iga Śāla-tree Forest).
The grove keeper saw the Blessed One (coming) in the distance, 12 (and having seen him, said this to the Blessed One: “Ascetic, do not) enter this
grove! Due to the fact that there are three clansmen living there, 13 (Aṇarudha, Ṇadia and Kibhira. You must not disturb them!)”
§ 7
[a]śroṣi aïṣpa aṇarudha {a} rahog̱aḏa puḏisprali 14///[sadha] h[i]ḏam evarua atarakas̱as̱alava as̱a u aï 15///(vare)[a] śasta ma bhag̱ava aṇupata asa o
The Venerable Aṇarudha, withdrawn [and] in meditation 14 (with the divine ear which is purified and surpasses the human) heard (the grove
keeper) conversing thus with (the Blessed One). Then, Venerable 15 (Aṇarudha said to the grove keeper: “Park keeper! Do not) obstruct (the Blessed One)!
It is my Teacher, the Blessed One, [who] has arrived.”
§ 8
aï 16///(aïṣ)[p](a)[y](a) ṇadio aïṣpa ya kibhire teṇa uasakrami 17///(avikrama)[s̱](a) aüṣ̱̄a śasta me bhag̱ava aṇupate eva aüṣ̱̄a ⟪ḏi⟫18///[u]ṭ́hahi asaṇaḏa as̱a u aïṣpa ya aṇarudhe aïṣpa ya 19///[a]ṇarudha bhayavaḏa patracivara paḍigaheṣ̱u aïṣpa ṇadio ⟪bhagavaḏa⟫ śeṇasaṇo 20///
atha khalu āyu16ṣmān ... āyuṣmān ca nandikaḥ āyuṣmān ca kibhiraḥ tena upasamakramīt (BHS) 17 ... abhikramatha āyuṣmantaḥ śāstā me bhagavān anuprāptaḥ | evam āyuṣmantaḥ iti 18 ... utthāya āsanāt | atha khalu āyuṣmān ca aniruddhaḥ āyuṣmān ca 19 ... aniruddhaḥ bhagavataḥ pātracīvaram pratyagrahīt āyuṣmān nandikaḥ bhagavataḥ śayanāsanam
20 ... ||
Then Ven16erable (Aṇarudha thus entered the park, and having entered) went to (Venerable) Ṇadia
and Venerable Kibhira, 17 (and having gone to them, and paid homage at their feet, sat to one side. Seated
to one side, he said this: “Come out, Venerable sirs, come) out, Venerable sirs! My
teacher, the Blessed One, has arrived.” (Having assented) ‘Yes, friend,’ 18 (Venerable Ṇadia and Venerable Kibhira) stood up from their seats. Then Venerable
Aṇarudha, Venerable 19 (Ṇadia and Venerable Kibhira went out to meet the Blessed One, and said this: “Venerable
sir, we bid the Blessed One welcome.” Venerable) Aṇarudha took the Blessed One’s bowl
and outer robe, Venerable Ṇadia (prepared) a bed and seat for the Blessed One, 20 (and Venerable Kibhira set out water for washing feet).
§ 9
///(bha)[g](a)[v](a) pañate va pañate va as̱aṇa ṇiṣ̱aca e bhagava aïṣpa 21///.. [ṇ](a) kilamas̱a taga vae bhate aspahu khamaṇio taga yava 22///
... bhagavān prajñapte eva prajñapte eva āsane niṣadya ca bhagavān āyuṣma21ntam . ... na klāmatha | taddha vayam bhadanta asmākam kṣamaṇīyam (BHS) taddha yāpanīyam
(BHS) ||
(The Blessed One sat down) on the seat made perfectly ready and, having sat down,
the Blessed One 21 (said this) to Venerable (Aṇarudha: “I hope you are all keeping well, Aṇarudha, I
hope you are all comfortable, I hope you are) not going short (of alms-food).” Aṇarudha “Yes, certainly, Venerable sir, we are all keeping well, yes, certainly we are all
comfort22able, (yes, certainly we are not going short of alms-food).”
§ 10
///(samoḏayama)[ṇ](a) taga vae bhate samagra viharama samoḏayamaṇa iśe mama 23///[t](a)[sa] mama imeṣ̱a aśpataṇa metra kayiame pacuastiḏa bho 24/// spaya ayiprao ṇikṣivita imeṣ̱a aśpataṇa citava 25/// eka maña cite
Buddha “(I hope you are all living in concord, with mutual appreciation).” Aṇarudha “Yes, certainly, Venerable sir, we are all living in concord, with mutual appreciation.
As to that, I (had this thought 23: ‘It is for my gain, for my great gain, in that I make my abode with such companions
in the holy life).’ Therefore, I maintain bodily acts of loving-kindness towards those
venerable ones 24 (both openly and privately ... verbal acts of loving-kindness ... mental acts of
loving-kindness ... Therefore, I had this thought): ‘Suppose I, having put aside my
own intention, (should do what) these venerable ones wish [to do].’ 25 (Thus, Venerable sir, having put aside my own intention, I do what these venerable
ones wish to do, as we are different in body), I think, but one in mind.”
§ 11
aïṣpa va ṇadio aïṣpa va kibhi[re]26///(evaru)ei sabramayaraei sadha ṇivaso kapemi tasa mama 27///(ṇu)[ṇ](a a)[h](o)[sp](a)ya ayipraho ṇikṣivita imeṣ̱a aśpataṇa citava28///
āyuṣmān eva nandikaḥ āyuṣmān eva kibhiraḥ 26 ... evaṃrūpaiḥ sabrahmacārikaiḥ sārdham nivāsam kalpāmi | tasya mama 27 ... nūnam aham svayam abhiprāyam nikṣipetvā (BHS) eṣām āyuṣmatām cittava28śena ||
Venerable Ṇadia and Venerable Kibhira 26 (said this to the Blessed One: “Venerable sir, as to that, I had this thought: ‘It
is for the gain, for the great gain) [that] I am able to make my abode (with such)
companions in the holy life.’ I 27 (maintain bodily acts of loving-kindness towards those venerable ones, both openly
and privately ... verbal acts of loving-kindness ... mental acts of loving-kindness.
Therefore, I had the thought): ‘Suppose I, having put aside my own intention, should
(do) what these venerable ones wish [to do].’ 28 (Thus, Venerable sir, having put aside my own intention, I do what these venerable
ones wish to do, as we are different in body but one in mind).”
§ 12
///[m]oḏamaṇe viharate asti kici utvara maṇuśadharma vi 29///(samoḏamaṇe)[h](i) vihara[tei] asti utvari maṇośadhame viśeṣ̱a 30///[v](i)vite yeva kamehi vivita pavaehi akuśal[e]31///(viveg̱a)[j](a) piḏisuho paḍama jaṇa vas̱apaja viharami aya 32///[vi]śeṣ̱aphraṣ̱avihara as̱ig̱aḏe
Buddha “(Well done, well done! Aṇarudha monks! I hope, you Aṇarudha monks, while) you indeed
are living (in concord thus), with mutual appreciation, that there is, surpassing
the human state, (the attainment) of a distinct 29 (comfortable abiding.” Aṇarudha “In this way, Venerable sir), while (we) are living (in concord thus, with mutual
appreciation), there is, surpassing the human state, (the attainment of) a distinct
30 (comfortable abiding. Here, Venerable sir, whenever we want) we enter and abide in
the first dhyāna, which is quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from sinful,
unwholesome 31 (states, which is accompanied by thought and examination), with rapture and pleasure
born (of seclusion). In this way, 32 (Venerable sir, while we indeed are living in concord thus, with mutual appreciation,
this is, surpassing the human state), the attainment of a distinct comfortable abiding.”
§ 13
sasu sasu aṇarudha 33///(sama)ḏikramae paḍipaṣadhie asti aña utvari ma 34///(sa)[m](a)gr(e)hi eva s̱amoḏamaṇehi viharatehi ima 35///[vi]śeṣ̱apaṣ̱aviharo as̱ig̱aḏa iśe vae bhate ya 36///(ekoḏi)bhave avitarka avicara samahiḏe priḏisu⟨ho⟩ biḏi ca 37///(s̱amoḏamaṇe)hi viharatehi imas̱a viharas̱a samaḏikrama 38///(as̱i)[g](a)ḏa
Buddha “Well done, well done! Aṇarudha [monks]! 33 (I hope, you Aṇarudha monks), by surmounting (that abiding), by making [that abiding]
subside, surpassing the human (state), that there is (the attainment) of another 34 (distinct comfortable abiding?” Aṇarudha “In this way, Venerable sir), while (we) are living in concord thus, with mutual
appreciation 35 (by surmounting that abiding, by making that abiding subside, there is, surpassing
the human state), the attainment of (another) distinct comfortable abiding. Here,
Venerable sir, whenever we 36 (want, by the subsiding of thought and examination, on account of internal placidity,
and) the unification (of mind, we enter and abide) in the second dhyāna, which is
without thought, without examination [and] has rapture and pleasure that is concentrated.
37 (In this way, Venerable sir), while (we) are living (in concord thus, with mutual
appreciation), by surmounting that abiding, 38 (by making that abiding subside, this is, surpassing the human state), the attainment
of (another distinct comfortable abiding).”
§ 14
[s](a)s̱o aṇarudha kaca aṇarudha tuspae va samagre eva samo 39///(a)[ñ](a) utvari [ma]ṇuśadhama viśeṣ̱apaṣ̱avihara 40///(viharate)[h](i)[ima]s̱a viharas̱a samaḏikrama paḍapaṣadhie 41///[v](a)[e] bhat[e] yavaḏ e agakṣami piḏia e virag̱ae uve 42/// aïkṣati uvekṣae spaḏima suhavihara triḏi caṇa vas̱a 43///(ima)sa viharas̱a samaḏikramae paḍipaṣadhi ayaña utvari 44///
Buddha “Well done! Aṇarudha [monks]! I hope, [you] Aṇarudha [monks], while you (are living)
in concord thus, with mutual appreciation, 39 (by surmounting that abiding, by making that abiding subside, that there is), surpassing
the human state, (the attainment) of another distinct comfortable abiding?” Aṇarudha40 (In this way, Venerable sir, while we indeed are living in concord thus, with mutual
appreciation), by surmounting that abiding, by making [that abiding] subside, 41 (there is, surpassing the human state, the attainment of another distinct comfortable
abiding. Here), Venerable sir, whenever (we) want, with the fading away as well of
rapture, (we abide) having equanimity, 42 (being mindful and clearly comprehending, we experience happiness with the body.
Such that the noble ones) declare: 'He has equanimity, is mindful, is one who abides
happily.' (We) enter and (abide) in the third dhyāna. 43 (In this way, Venerable sir, while we indeed are living in concord thus, with mutual
appreciation), by surmounting that abiding, by making [that abiding] subside, this
is, surpassing the 44 (human state, the attainment of) another (distinct comfortable abiding)."
§ 15
///(caü)[ṭ́ha] caṇa eva yavaḏ eva
... caturtham dhyānam evam yāvat evam ||
Buddha … Aṇarudha "… (as far as) the fourth dhyāna [and] thus, as far as …"
§ 16
sasa aṇarudha kaca vaṇa tuspae va 45///(ima)[s̱](a)[viha](ra)[s̱a] samaḏikrama paḍipaṣadhie asti aña utva 46///(aspa)[e v](a) samagr[e] eva samoḏaemaṇe viharata asti aña 47///[y](a)[vaḏ e agakṣami] sarvaśa ruasañaṇa samaḏikrama 48///(a)[ṇ](a)[t](o)[ag̱a]śa ti ag̱aśaca{ña}ïḏaṇa vasapaca vihara 49/// imasa viharasa samaḏikramae pa[ḍi]paṣadhi ayaña 50///
sādhu aniruddhāḥ | kaccid punar yuṣmāsu eva 45 ... asya vihārasya samatikramāya ratipraśrabdhyai asti anyaḥ utta46rim ... asmāsu eva samagreṣu evam saṃmodayamāneṣu viharatsu asti anyaḥ 47 ... yāvat eva ākāṅkṣāmaḥ sarvaśaḥ rūpasaṃjñānām samatikramāt 48 ... anantaḥ ākāśaḥ iti ākāśānantyāyatanam upasampadya viharā49maḥ | ... asya vihārasya samatikramāya pratipraśrabdhyai ayam anyaḥ 50 ... ||
Buddha “Well done! Aṇarudha [monks]! I hope, [you] Aṇarudha [monks], while you are 45 (living in concord thus, with mutual appreciation), by surmounting (that) abiding,
by making [that abiding] subside, surpassing (the human state), that there is another
46 (distinct comfortable abiding, which has been attained?” Aṇarudha “In this way, Venerable sir, while we) are living in concord thus, with mutual appreciation,
there is, 47 (surpassing the human state, the attainment of) another (distinct comfortable abiding.
Here, Venerable sir), whenever we want, with the complete surmounting of perceptions
of forms, 48 (with the passing away of perceptions of sensory impingement, with non-attention
to perceptions of diversity), perceiving ‘space is infinite,’ we enter and abide in
the base of the end of space. 49 (In this way, Venerable sir, while we indeed are living in concord thus, with mutual
appreciation), by surmounting that abiding, by making [that abiding] subside, this
is, 50 (surpassing the human state, the attainment of) another (distinct comfortable abiding).”
Buddha ... Aṇarudha (... as far as) “By completely surmounting the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception,
(we enter upon and abide) in the cessation of perception and feeling. 51 (By seeing with wisdom, we are ones whose taints are destroyed.” … as far as Buddha “Well done, well done, Aṇarudha! There is not) beyond that a higher comfortable abiding.”
§ 18
as̱a o bhag̱ava aïṣpa ya aṇa 52///(dhar)[mi]e [kas̱a]e sadaṣeṣ̱i samaḏaveṣi samuteyeṣ̱i 53///(samute)[yi]ta saprahaṣ̱ata uṭ́hahi as̱aṇaḏa pakama
Then the Blessed One instructed, urged, roused [and] (gladdened) Venerable Aṇarudha,
52 (Venerable Ṇadia and Venerable Kibhira) with a talk on the Dharma. 53 (Then, the Blessed One, having instructed, urged,) roused [and] gladdened (those
venerable ones), [and] having arisen from his seat, departed.
§ 19
54///[bh](a)g̱avaḏa mahuta aṇuvadhita taḏe yeva praḏiṇivatita 55///[ṇiṣ̱i]ḏisu ekam ata ṇiṣ̱aṇa aïṣpa 56///[ṇo] vae aïṣpasa aṇarudhasa uas̱akramita eḏa 57///(vihara)[t](a) prañae drispa asrava e parakṣiṇa ta ïḏa aï58///
54 ... bhagavantam muhūrtam anubadhya tataḥ eva pratinivr̥tya 55 ... niṣīdensuḥ (BHS) ekam antam nisinnāḥ | āyuṣmān 56 ... nu vayam āyuṣmataḥ aniruddhasya upasaṃkramya etam 57 ... viharantaḥ prājñayā dr̥ṣṭvā āsravāḥ ca parikṣīṇāḥ tad idaṃ (BHS) āyu58ṣmān ... ||
54 (Then Venerable Aṇarudha, Venerable Ṇadia and Venerable Kibhira), having accompanied
the Blessed One for a short while, and so returning from there 55 (Venerable Ṇadia and Venerable Kibhira approached Venerable Aṇarudha, and having
approached him paid homage to his feet), sat down (to one side). Seated to one side,
Venerable 56 (Ṇadia and Venerable Kibhira said this to Venerable Aṇarudha): “Have we ever, having
approached you, (reported) this (matter) to the Venerable Aṇarudha 57: ‘(We, dwelling with these various attainments), have our taints destroyed by our
seeing with wisdom,’ such that, 58 the Venerable (Aṇarudha in the Blessed One’s presence revealed about us, as far as
the destruction of the taints)?”
§ 20
///
aśpata⟨ṇa⟩⟪vo traya⟫ uas̱akramita eḏam artha areyes̱i 59///[pa]rakṣiṇa drigaratre me aśpata⟨ṇa⟩ ceḏas̱a ceḏas̱a 60///(vihara)[t](a) prañae drispa asrava parakṣiṇa devaḏa mi u 61///(sa)[m](a)vati viharata prañae drispa asrava parakṣiṇa 62///(prag̱aśa)yi ḏe
Aṇarudha “[You] venerable ones, having (never) approached me and reported this matter: 59 ‘(We, dwelling with these various attainments, have our taints) destroyed (by our
seeing with wisdom).’ For a long time the venerable ones’ 60 (thoughts were known) by me using [my very own] mind: ‘(You venerable ones, dwelling
with these various attainments), have your taints destroyed by your seeing with wisdom.’
The deities, 61 (having approached me, reported this matter) to me: ‘(Those venerable ones, dwelling
with these various) attainments, have [their] taints destroyed by seeing with wisdom.’
62 (Such that, I in the Blessed One’s presence revealed about you, as far as the destruction
of the taints).”
§ 21
asa o bhag̱ava mahuṭ́ha mag̱eṇa gatva maga 63///[pr](a)ñate va as̱aṇa ṇiṣ̱iḏi {{ṇi}} as̱a o driga ḏe 64///[v](a)dita eka[m ata a]ṭ́has̱i ekam ata aṭ́hiḏe ye dri 65///(tra)[e] kulaputra viharati aṇarudha ṇadia ḵibhire 66///(ya)[tr](e)ḏe trae kulaputra viharati aṇarudha ṇadia ḵibhi⟪re⟫
Then the Blessed One, having gone by the road for a short while, (and having left)
the road, 63 sat down (near the base of a certain tree) on the very seat prepared [for him]. Then
the spirit Driga 64 (approached the Blessed One. Having approached) [him], having paid homage (to the
feet of the Blessed One), stood to one side. Standing to one side, (the deity) Driga
65 (said this to the Blessed One: “It is for the gain of the Vṛji people, for the great
gain of the Vṛji people), in that these three clansmen, Aṇarudha, Ṇadia and Kibhira,
live there.” Buddha66 “(It is so, Driga, it is so! It is for the gain of the Vṛji people, for the great
gain of the Vṛji people) in that these three clansmen, Aṇarudha, Ṇadia and Kibhira,
live there.
67 (If the clan from which these three clansmen went forth from the home life into homelessness)
remember these three clansmen with a confident heart, [then] for this clan 68 (... for a long time that would be for their welfare) and happiness. [If] the [extended]
family circle from which … [If] the village from which … 69 (If the town from which … If the country from which these three clansmen went forth
from the home life into homelessness remember these three clansmen with a confident
heart, then for that country that would lead to its welfare and) happiness (for a
long time).
In which case, if the world as well, with its gods, its Māras, and its Brāhmas, 70 (and this population with its ascetics and brahmins, its devas and its humans) should
remember (these three clansmen) with a confident heart, [then] for the world with
its gods, its Māras, 71 (and its Brāhmas, and for this population with its ascetics and brahmins), its gods
and its humans, that would lead to their welfare and happiness for a long time.”
§ 24
as̱a 72///(la)va vajiṇa {{su}}⟪su⟫ladhalava vajiṇa yatreḏa trae kulau 73///(trae)[t](ri)śa deva yama deva tuṣiḏa deva ṇimaṇaraḏiṇa deva 74///(ge)[ṣ̱](a) śutva śadha ag̱arisu geṣ̱a aṇuṣavisu iḏi te 75///(bramalo)[o] paḍisobiḏa ahuṣ̱i
Then 72 (having heard the utterance of the spirit Driga, the earth gods raised their voices
and proclaimed the utterance): “It is for the gain of the Vṛji people, for the great
gain of the Vṛji people in that these three clansmen 73 (Aṇarudha, Ṇadia and Kibhira live here.” … the gods of the Four Great Kings … gods
of the heaven of the Thirty)-three … the Yāma gods … the gods of the Tuṣita [heaven]
… the gods who delight in creating 74 … (the gods who delight in others’ creations … The gods of Brahmā’s retinue) heard
the utterance (of the gods who delight in others’ creations) [and] raised their voices
[and] proclaimed the utterance: “…” Thus, those 75 (venerable ones at that moment, in a second, in an instant) were announced (as far
as the Brahmā) world.”
§ 25
iḏam eya bhayava ata(maṇa)
idam avacat bhagavān āttamanāḥ ||
That is what the Blessed One said. Pleased, 76 (the spirit Driga rejoiced at the words of the Blessed One).