Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra
Bamiyan, Kharoṣṭhī
BML edition (version 1, April 2025)
Based on Allon/Salomon 2000 (BMSC I 243–273) with updates (addition of HI 17) of Baums 2018 (gandhari.org). Newly identified fragment (Melzer) at the end (§§ 14, 15).
MPS-S 13.7–9, DN II 98 (?)
§ 1r
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… who, O Ānanda, will remain … they … three (months) …
MPS-S 15.9, DN II 102 (?)
§ 1v
vz /// (ceti)yaṃ ramaniyaṃ saladhvayaṃ ce[ti](yaṃ)///
… (caitya); beautiful (is the) caitya of the pair of śāla trees …
MPS-S – (cf. MPS-S 16.1–8 / Divy 202.1–14), DN II 112–113
§ 2r
2r1 /// .. [ra]yagrihe viharami grija(kuḍe parvate prathamabhisaṃbudho a)[tha] khu bhikṣave maro papimo yena tathagar2(to tena upasaṃkrami) /// (nasti) [bha]gavato kiṃci utarikaraniyo [kr](itasya va praticayo)+ + + + [p](ra)[t]i[k](ar)ya · pravartinaṃ bhate bhagava anu◊
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" ... I (was) dwelling in Rajāgṛha, on the Vulture [Peak Mountain], [shortly after becoming enlightened.] And then, O Monks, evil Māra [approached] the Tathāgata ...
"… [Māra said:] "The Blessed One has [nothing] left to be done, ... acting in response (?),
the Blessed One, venerable Sir, …
§ 2v
v1 ///(daṃta vyakta vinita viśarada vahu)(śr)u(ta)ṃ dharmadhara dharmanudha{ṃ}rmapradipaṃna pra .. + + + + + + + + + + + .[ṃ a](n)u(p)[ra]ptasvadartha prativala svakaṃ acav2(ryakaṃ)/// na tavahaṃ papimaṃ parinirvayi(ś)[e] + + + + + + + + + + + + [da] na ⟨śra⟩vika upasikaṃ daṃta vyakta vinita ◊
… (controlled, wise, disciplined, fearless), learned, bearers of the dharma, attained
to the complete righteousness of the dharma …
having obtained the true meaning, capable … the teaching themselves ... ///
I shall not attain parinirvāṇa, O Evil One, until … (female disciples), female lay
followers [become] controlled, wise, disciplined ...
MPS-S –, AN II 8
§ 3
3
r1 vahuśruta dharmadhara dharmanudharmapratiparna saṃghaṃ śobheti kadame catvar[i] (bhikṣu bhikṣave daṃta vyakta vinita viśarada vahuśruta dharmadhara dharmanudharmapratiparna
saṃghaṃ śobheti) /// r2na kartavya yadha bhikṣusya ◯ upasakaṃ upasikaṃ bhikṣave daṃta vyakta vini(ta viśarada vahuśruta dharmadhara dharmanudharmapratiparna saṃghaṃ śobheti ime bhikṣave
daṃta vyakta vinita viśarada vahuśruta dharmadhara dha)r3[rma](nu)[dha]rma[p](ra)[ti](parna) saṃghaṃ śobheti ◦
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... learned, bearers of the dharma, attained to the complete righteousness of the
dharma, ornament the community.
Which four? ... to be done as for the monk. The male lay follower [and] the female
lay follower, O monks, controlled, wise, disciplined ...
attained to the complete righteousness of the dharma, ornaments the community.
§ 4
idam avaci bhagava idaṃ vaditva (sugato athaparo idam avaci śasta) ///
The Blessed One said this. Having said this ...
§ 5
v. 1
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v. 1
v. 2
eṣa saṃghasya śobha{ṃ}naṃ [∙]
ete hi śobh(e)ti saṃghaṃ
ete hi śobh(e)ti saṃghaṃ
v. 2… this is an ornament of the community.
For they ornament the community ...
v. 3
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v. 3
v. 4
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v2 .. .. .. [pa]rimaṃ dhatva
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v2 .. .. .. [pa]rimaṃ dhatva
v. 4... having placed the supreme (?).
§ 6
ti pra◯janami
Thus I understand.
§ 7
atha khu bhagava uthayasanato ayuṣma[ṃ](ta anaṃdaṃ amantesi) /// (prati)v3[śru]tvaṃ niṣidana{ṃ}m adaya bhagavaṃtaṃ gachaṃtaṃ priṭhimena priṭhimaṃ anuveṃdhi a[tha] ///
Then the Blessed One, rising from his seat (said to) the venerable (Ānanda?) ///
… assenting, taking [his] seat, followed along immediately after the Blessed One as
he went. Then …
MPS-S 34 (Mahāsudarśana), DN II xxx (Mahasudassanasuttanta); cf. MPS-S 36.7 and 46.7, DN II 141–142 and 161, C-DĀ (Weller 1939–40: 434)
§ 8
4r1///droniye nikṣipisu satahasya acayena teladronito udhvaritvaṃ sarvagaṃdhotakehi kayaṃ
s̄apayisu r2 ///(ahatehi paṃcahi va)[stra]yuvaśatehi kayaṃ veḍhayisu ahatehi paṃcahi vastrayugaśatehi kayaṃ veḍhitva ayasadroni
telena r3 ///(sarvagaṃ)[dhana](ṃ) ci[da] cinitva raño mahasudarśanasya śarira j̄apayisu catumaha{r}pathe sthuvaṃ akarisu
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/// they put it in a vat […] After an interval of a week, they took (it) out of the
vat of oil and bathed the body with all fragrant liquids
/// They wrapped the body with (five) hundred pairs of (unbeaten) cloth.
Having wrapped the body with five hundred pairs of unbeaten cloth, (they filled ?)
an iron vat with oil
/// after building a pyre of (all) fragrant [woods], they burned the body of King
Mahāsudarśana.
They built a stūpa at the crossing of four main roads.
MPS-S 34.164, DN II 196, C-DĀ (Weller 1939–40: 168)
§ 9
v1 [aci]rakalagate kho pu[na]ṃ raya mahasudarśano brahme d[e]vaniyae upavarji samanaṃtarav2///.. .. [chi] [aśpa]ratanaṃ kalam akasi dharmo prasato aṃtarahayi dharmaṃ puṣkirini aṃtarahayi sarvasovarnaṃ
v3 /// aṃtarahayiṃsu kuśavatiye a{ṃ}naṃta rayadhaniye saptaratanamaya pragara aṃtarahayisu eko mri
Then [shortly] after he died, King Mahāsudarśana was born among the Brahma group of gods.
Immediately ... [horse-]jewel died. The dharma-palace disappeared. The dharma-lotus
pond disappeared. All the golden
/// disappeared. In the capital city of Kuśāvatī, O Ānanda, the walls made of seven jewels disappeared.
One (died?) …
–
§ 10
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/// Then the Blessed One, alone, retiring, secluded …
MPS-S 35.7–9, DN II 139
§ 11
v1 /// [s]. .. .. va kuśinagar[a] yavaṃ ca ku[ś]i(nagara-upavartanaṃ malyanaṃ salavanaṃ) /// v2 ///(nage)[hi] g[a](ṃ)dh[a](r)[v]e[h]i a[s](u)rehi sadha [os](phu)[ṭa](ṃ) ///
/// … as far as Kuśinagara and as far as Kuśi…
. . . covered (?) ... together with ... (and) gandharvas (and) asuras
MPS-S 37.1–38.3, DN II 147–148, C-DĀ (Weller 1939–40: 169–170)
§ 12
6 r1/// [u]pasaṃkramitvaṃ kuśinagara[m](alyaśatani) /// r2 /// ho karaniyo [taṃ] karotha sadhu bhagava ti///
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/// having approached, ... (the Mallas of) Kuśinagara ///
/// do what must be done." "Good, Blessed One … ///
§ 13
v1 /// (paṃcamatra)[ni] malyaśatani saṃthagarasaṃniṣanani a(hosu) /// v2 /// [n]. [u]thayasanato ayuṣmato anaṃda(sya) ///
/// (five) hundred Mallas seated in the council hall /// … got up from (his) seat; to Venerable Ānanda …
newly identified (GM)
§ 14
7 a1 /// .. tvaṃ ta .. + + .. .. .. [to] .. .[i/o] [s]. yi + + + /// a2 /// (yena rajo) mahasodarśano tena upasaṃkramitvaṃ .. /// a3 /// + .. .[i/e m]. + .. kh. + .. ṃda raja mahasodarśa[n].///
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… having approached the king Mahāsudarśana … king Mahāsudarśana …
§ 15
b1 /// + + + + + + + + + śuragrivaṃ saṃstha[ya/pa] .. /// b2 ///(u)[p](a)saṃkramitvaṃ rajanaṃ mahasodarśanaṃ edad a[v](o)[c](a) /// b3 /// (raja maha)[s]odarśa[n]. ta .. [śva]radanaṃ apalo///
… having approached […], he said to the king Mahāsudarśana: … king Mahāsudarśana …